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Table of content 1.Introduction 2.Systematic position of Porella 3.Habit and distribution 4.Morphological characters 5.Anatomy of stem 6.Anatomy of leaf 7.Reproduction of Porella 8.The Gametophyte stage 9.The male Gametophyte 10.The female…
Gravitropism is an important plant growth response to the environment that directs shoots upward and roots downward. when a plant shoot is inclined horizontally, the primary inflorescence stem grows upwards…
Replication Transcription Occurrence S phase of the cell cycle G1 and G2 phase of the cell cycle Primer Requires RNA primer for replication to start Does not require a primer…
Comparison DNA RNA Full Name Deoxyribonucleic Acid Ribonucleic Acid Function DNA replicates and stores genetic information. It is a blueprint for all genetic information contained within an organism. RNA converts…
Introduction • Until the early 1970’s, DNA was the most difficult cellular molecule for biochemists to analyze. DNA is now the easiest molecule to analyze – we can now isolate…
Puccinia triticina (P. recondita) DISEASE: Leaf or Brown rust PATHOGEN: Puccinia triticina (Syn. Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici) HOSTS: Wheat, barley and common Barberry (Berberis, Mahoberberis and Mahonia spp.) Symptoms…
The disease was recorded simultaneously in Europe and North America in 1830. It became very well established in Europe by 1842 and was one of the important causes of the…
It is almost certain that Ca2+ fluxes play a crucial role in the activation of defense responses. Induction of ROS and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades are two examples…
Introduction Transfer of nucleotide language of DNA to the nucleotide language of RNA, with the replacement of T by U. The process has been catalyzed by the enzyme DNA dependent…
A novelty song of more than 50 years ago listed food items the writer said he disliked. Each verse ended with the line, “I like bananas because they have no…