Day: April 22, 2025

Presence of megasporophylls leaves Megasporophyll is a type of leaf-like structure produced by heterosporous plants such as seed plants, lycophytes, and some ferns. Generally, it produces megasporangia, sacs that produce megaspores of…

“Gymnosperms are a group of plants that produce seeds not enclosed within the ovary or fruit.” Gymnosperms belong to kingdom ‘Plantae‘ and sub-kingdom ‘Embryophyta’. The fossil evidence suggested that they originated…

S.NO.GymnospermsAngiosperms1Vessels are absent (except Gnetales) in the xylem.Vessels are present in the xylem.2Phloem lacks companion cell.Companion cells are present3No Flower formation in Gymnosperms.Flower formation is present4Ovules are naked i.e. not…

What is a Linker? The linkers are short double-stranded sequences of DNA. They have blunt ends. They are chemically synthesized oligonucleotides. They are ligated with the blunt ends of a…

The nucleotides in DNA can be covalently modified, and in vertebrate cells the methylation of cytosine seems to provide an important mechanism for distinguishing genes that are active from those…

Centrifugation is a process that uses centrifugal force to separate the mixture of biological particle in a liquid medium. A centrifuge is a device for separation of microorganisms from the…