One of the fundamental difference between the plasma membrane and the cell wall is in the typeof organisms that they are found. The cell wall is present only in plants…

It is almost certain that Ca2+ fluxes play a crucial role in the activation of defense responses. Induction of ROS and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades are two examples…

A novelty song of more than 50 years ago listed food items the writer said he disliked.  Each verse ended with the line, “I like bananas because they have no…

Membrane Function Membranes organize the chemical activities of cells. The outer plasma membrane – forms a boundary between a living cell and its surroundings – Exhibits selective permeability Controls traffic…

Structure Two nuclear membranes, inner and outer nuclear membranes. Nuclear pore complexes, which allow the regulated exchange of molecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm Space between the inner and…

INTRODUCTION : Protein sorting is also known as protein targeting. Protein sorting or protein targeting. Is the biological mechanism by which proteins are transported to their appropriate destination within or…

•A microbody (or cytosome) is a type of organelle that is found in the cells of plants, protozoa, and animals. Organelles in the microbody family include peroxisomes, glyoxysomes, glycosomes •Microbodies…

•A vacuole is an organelle in cells which functions to hold various solutions or materials. •This includes solutions that have been created and are being stored or excreted, and those…

•Peroxisomes are small (0.1–1 μm), single-membrane-enclosed organelles •contain enzymes involved in a variety of metabolic reactions, including several aspects of energy metabolism. •Most human cells contain 100–1000 peroxisomes, depending on…

•Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. •First characterized as particles detected by ultracentrifugation of cell lysates •ribosomes are usually designated according to their…