The disease was recorded simultaneously in Europe and North America in 1830. It became very well established in Europe by 1842 and was one of the important causes of the…
POTATO •A member of the Solanaceae family, the cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum) is closely related to the tomato, pepper, and eggplant. •Indians in Peru were the first people to cultivate…
Ustilago triticOrder: Ustilaginales Family: Ustilaginaceae Blossom penetration type Smut mean sooty (black) or charcoal like powder Responsible for heavy losses when susceptible varieties with infected seeds are grown year after year…
Table of content 1.Introduction 2.Systematic position of Porella 3.Habit and distribution 4.Morphological characters 5.Anatomy of stem 6.Anatomy of leaf 7.Reproduction of Porella 8.The Gametophyte stage 9.The male Gametophyte 10.The female…
Occurrence Polytrichum have worldwide distribution with 111 species. In India only 5 species are found and common species is P. alpinum. They are very common in cool temperature and tropical…
•Approximately 25,000 fungi, including mushrooms, shelf fungi, puffballs, and rusts, are classified in the phylum Basidiomycota. •The name of the phylum is derived from the basidium, a transient diploid stage.…
•Mycologists have described over 60,000 species of ascomycetes, or sac fungi. •They range in size and complexity from unicellular yeasts to elaborate cup fungi and morels. •Ascomycetes live in a…
What is a blot ?In molecular biology blots is a technique for transferring DNA, RNA and proteins onto a carrier so they can be separated, and often follows the use…
The standard DNA sequencing technique is the Sanger method, named for its developer, Frederick Sanger, who shared the 1980 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. This method begins with the use of…
Structure Two nuclear membranes, inner and outer nuclear membranes. Nuclear pore complexes, which allow the regulated exchange of molecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm Space between the inner and…