The hot air oven was originally invented by Pasteur. It works on the principle of dry heat to sterilize the products which are used in various industries. The device is ideal for the heat…
Aim: Study of laboratory equipments – Laminar Air Flow Cabinet Laminar Hood or Laminar Air Flow is an enclosed bench designed to prevent contaminations like biological particles or any particle…
Aim: Study of laboratory equipments - Autoclave Four parameters of steam sterilization: steam, pressure, temperature, and time. High temperature steam (121 °C) at pressure of 15 psi for about 20 minutes. 1)Check…
Aim: Study of laboratory equipments - pH meter PRINCIPLES The pH of a solution may be accurately and easily determined by electrochemical measurements with a device known as a pH…
This mushroom is also known as Oyster mushroom. Word ‘Pleurotus’ comes from the Greek word ‘Pleuro’ which means formed laterally or in sideways position, referring to the lateral position of…
Early Taxonomists 2000 years ago, Aristotle was the first taxonomist Aristotle divided organisms into plants & animals He subdivided them by their habitat ---land, sea, or air dwellers. Biological classification…
Microorganisms are present everywhere on earth which includes humans, animals, plants and other living creatures, soil, water and atmosphere MICROBIOLOGY : the study of small living things. MICRO = small, BIO…
MAJOR GROUPS OF MICROBES MICROBES The term microbe is short for microorganism which means small organism – observed with a microscope Over 99% of microbes contribute to the quality of…
Roots of Indus Valley Civilization •Earliest civilizations in Indus Valley was discovered in 1856 by a railroad crew. –Harappa –Mohenjo-Dara or “Hill of the Dead” –Both cities shared urban design…
Introduction Transfer of nucleotide language of DNA to the nucleotide language of RNA, with the replacement of T by U. The process has been catalyzed by the enzyme DNA dependent…