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•Plant peroxidases are versatile enzymes. They are known to use hydrogen peroxide (H 2O 2 ) as an electron acceptor during the oxidation •However, in certain conditions, they can also…

HERBAL PHARMACOVIGILANCE is  the practice of monitoring the effects of medical drugs after they have been licensed for use, especially in order to identify and evaluate previously unreported adverse reactions.…

Definition: Academic paper is a written document that presents the findings of a research study or scholarly inquiry in a formal manner. It is typically written by researchers or scholars and is…

Concept of Cell CultureGerman botanist Gottlieb Haberlandt (1902) developed the concept of in-vitro cell culture he was the first to culture isolated cells in a nutrient medium containing glucose, peptones…

What is tumor? Tumor is undifferentiated or abnormal mass of cell of tissue and it may be solid or fluid filled. Tumor is also called neoplasm. A tumor doesn’t always…

Presence of megasporophylls leaves Megasporophyll is a type of leaf-like structure produced by heterosporous plants such as seed plants, lycophytes, and some ferns. Generally, it produces megasporangia, sacs that produce megaspores of…

“Gymnosperms are a group of plants that produce seeds not enclosed within the ovary or fruit.” Gymnosperms belong to kingdom ‘Plantae‘ and sub-kingdom ‘Embryophyta’. The fossil evidence suggested that they originated…

S.NO.GymnospermsAngiosperms1Vessels are absent (except Gnetales) in the xylem.Vessels are present in the xylem.2Phloem lacks companion cell.Companion cells are present3No Flower formation in Gymnosperms.Flower formation is present4Ovules are naked i.e. not…